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RCS Corriere della Sera
Luned, 15 Maggio 2000
In Copertina


INTERVISTA
Parla Enzo Torresi, uno dei grandi di Palo Alto
Per ora, l'e-commerce off-line
Wall Street non d pi denaro a chi non fa utili entro due anni

Il suo sogno americano cominciato nel 1976, quando Palo Alto era solo un paesone vicino a San Francisco e la Silicon Valley muoveva i primi timidi passi. Adesso Enzo Torresi, 54 anni, un multimilionario, in dollari, che torna raramente nella sua Sicilia, frequenta Bill Gates e Larry Ellison, quello della Oracle, e per mestiere finanzia aziende appena nate che puntano sulla New Economy. Venture capitalist? Io veramente preferisco definirmi un venture catalist, dice Torresi, di passaggio per poche ore a Milano. Nel senso - continua - che mi vengono sottoposte tantissime idee promettenti e, visto che mi impossibile verificarle tutte, preferisco indirizzare gli aspiranti imprenditori verso strutture nate apposta per finanziare nuove iniziative.

Non per niente il manager con base in California diventato advisor di MyQube, il fondo incubatore appena lanciato da Gian Luca Braggiotti, che un altro manager di scuola Olivetti, proprio come Torresi. Gi, perch quasi 25 anni fa il gruppo di Ivrea sped il giovane ingegnere catanese a Cupertino, in California, per lanciare un nuovo centro ricerche, l'Advanced Technology center. Da quei laboratori sono uscite molte idee importanti (la macchina per scrivere ET, il primo personal Olivetti M20) e con gli anni Cupertino si trasformata in una straordinaria scuola per manager-ingegneri, molti dei quali sono diventati imprenditori di successo negli Stati Uniti. Torresi apr la strada nel 1982, quando si mise in proprio e con i finanziamenti di alcuni fondi californiani di venture capital, fond Businessland, la pi grande catena commerciale di personal computer degli anni Ottanta. Era solo l'inizio. Tra l'89 e il '97, Torresi fonda NetFrame, poi Power computing e infine Icast corporation. Una cavalcata che oltre a consentirgli di accumulare un notevole patrimonio personale lo proietta nel ristretto club dei manager che contano nella New Economy in versione americana. Da lui allora ci si potrebbe aspettare un peana sui fantastici orizzonti di crescita delle aziende nate e cresciute nel segno di Internet. Torresi invece molto cauto. Getta acqua sulle speranze di facili guadagni per chi, da imprenditore o da semplice investitore, si lanciato anima e corpo sul business online.

Per almeno due anni il mercato vissuto di promesse impossibili da mantenere. Da qualche settimana, per, l'aria cambiata. I castelli di carte, le aziende che promettevano utili da qui a dieci anni, hanno cominciato a vacillare.

Molti analisti per sostengono che siamo di fronte a una crisi di crescita. Il mercato prende fiato per poi ripartire. Lei come la pensa?

Io credo che ci dobbiamo scordare i rendimenti a cui ci siamo abituati nel recente passato. Per qualche mese almeno i titoli della New Economy nella migliore della ipotesi oscilleranno intorno ai valori attuali e poi, forse, riprenderanno a salire, ma a ritmi di gran lunga meno veloci rispetto a quelli del 1999.

Quali aziende saranno pi penalizzate?



La selezione maggiore dovrebbe avvenire tra le societ di e-commerce, e per e-commerce intendo il commercio on line destinato al consumatore finale.

Per quale motivo?



Perch a Wall Street si sono messi a fare i conti e si sono accorti che molte aziende nei mesi scorsi protagoniste di irresistibili rialzi in realt non solo non faranno utili nell'arco dei prossimi uno-due anni, ma nemmeno fra cinque o sei. Insomma, sono aziende condannate al fallimento.

Lei vede nero, insomma...



In realt ci sono differenze tra azienda e azienda, tra settore d'attivit e settore d'attivit. Un conto vendere on line personal computer o accessori per l'informatica. In questi campi le prospettive di crescita restano promettenti. Lo scenario invece appare decisamente meno brillante per chi punta sull'abbigliamento, gli alimentari, la musica.

Eppure moltissimi analisti fino a poco tempo fa sembravano ottimisti, a Wall Street come in Europa. Come si spiega il cambio d'umore?

Tutto si spiega con la pubblicit, almeno in America.

E cio?

Voglio dire che per attirare clienti le societ di e-commerce devono vendere con sconti consistenti rispetto ai commercianti tradizionali e spesso sono costretti a vendere sottocosto. Per tappare i buchi contano sulla pubblicit on line, sul moltiplicarsi dei banner sui loro siti.

Dove si inceppato il meccanismo?

Semplice, la pubblicit arrivata in misura molto inferiore al previsto. In altre parole neppure negli Stati Uniti, almeno per il momento, gli spot in rete sono considerati un veicolo pubblicitario efficace e gli investimenti si riducono di conseguenza.



Risultato?

Le societ di e-commerce continuano a perdere soldi. I loro bilanci restano in rosso e in misura molto superiore al previsto. Logico allora che gli investitori si siano spaventati e questo ha provocato almeno due conseguenze.

Quali?

La prima, evidente, stata il ribasso nelle quotazioni di Borsa. La seconda che per le societ di e-commerce sempre pi difficile finanziarsi sul mercato borsistico. Un fatto particolarmente grave, perch molte di queste aziende contavano entro breve tempo di tornare a chiedere soldi agli investitori con aumenti di capitale. Da Wall Street per arrivato un messaggio chiaro: niente soldi alle societ che non hanno prospettive di profitto entro i prossimi due anni.

Andr cos anche in Italia?

Spero di no. Io ho gi visto il film americano e credo di poter dare un qualche contributo, insieme agli amici di MyQube, perch in Italia il decollo dell'e-commerce sia un po' meno turbolento.

C' una lezione particolare che possiamo imparare dalle vicende americane?

Una su tutte: diffidare delle aziende che dichiarano di puntare all'utile nel giro di quattro-cinque anni. Nell'e-commerce, perch un'iniziativa sia credibile, il punto di pareggio va raggiunto molto prima. A Wall Street adesso gli investitori non sembrano disposti ad aspettare pi di un paio di anni.

Vittorio Malagutti,

Copyright © 2008 EuroFund Partners
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